HABER SPRINGS, Mich. — Zonsezi zinayamba mu 1990, pamene chigawo chomwe chili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Lower Peninsula chinali ndi malo awiri osungiramo zinthu zobwezerezedwanso omwe amalipidwa ndi misonkho yaying'ono ya zaka ziwiri.
Masiku ano, pulogalamu yapamwamba yobwezeretsanso zinthu ku Emmett County yakula kukhala njira yopezera ndalama zambiri kwa anthu oposa 33,000 okhala m'derali, kugulitsa matani zikwizikwi a zinthu zobwezeretsanso ku makampani ku Michigan ndi m'chigawo cha Great Lakes kuti apange zinthu zatsopano. Anapezanso njira yobwezeretsanso matumba apulasitiki.
Akatswiri akuti pulogalamu ya zaka 30 ya North North ikhoza kukhala chitsanzo cha malamulo asanu ndi atatu omwe nyumba yamalamulo ya boma ikuyembekezera omwe angathandize Michigan County kumanga njira zambiri zobwezeretsanso zinthu, kuchepetsa malo otayira zinyalala ndikupindula munjira yomwe ikukula. Kupititsa patsogolo zachuma cha zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito komanso zomwe zingatheke kupangidwa manyowa.
"Awonetsa kuti ndalama zomwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito pokonza zinthu zamtunduwu zimapindulitsa -- mu ntchito yothandiza anthu onse, ndipo 90 peresenti ya zinthu zomwe amasonkhanitsa kudzera mu pulogalamu yawo yobwezeretsanso zinthu zimagulitsidwa ku makampani ku Michigan," anatero Kerrin O'Brien, mkulu wa bungwe lopanda phindu la Michigan Recycling Alliance.
Ku malo osungira zinthu ku Harbour Springs, dzanja la roboti limadutsa mwachangu lamba wonyamulira katundu woyenda, ndikuchotsa mapulasitiki apamwamba, galasi ndi aluminiyamu m'mabokosi okonzera zinthu. Mitsinje yosiyanasiyana ya ziwiya imazungulira mpaka lobotiyo itatulutsa zinthu zonse zobwezerezedwanso pa ma pick 90 pamphindi; mzere wina wa zinthu m'chipinda china ndi komwe antchito amatola mapepala, mabokosi kuchokera ku lamba wonyamulira katundu woyenda ndi thumba.
Dongosololi ndi chiyambi cha zaka zambiri zomwe zakhala zikugulitsidwa mu pulogalamu yotumikira madera ambiri, yomwe akuluakulu aboma akuti yakhazikitsa chikhalidwe cha anthu am'deralo chogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zobwezeretsanso m'nyumba, mabizinesi ndi malo opezeka anthu ambiri.
Chiŵerengero cha kubwezeretsanso zinthu m'boma lonse la Michigan chikucheperachepera ndi 19 peresenti, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa kutenga nawo mbali kudzachepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon ndikuyandikira zolinga zatsopano za nyengo m'boma. Sayansi ikuwonetsa kuti mpweya woipa monga carbon dioxide ndi methane zimasunga kutentha mumlengalenga ndipo zimathandiza kutentha kwa dziko lonse ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.
Ku Michigan, malamulo okhudza zomwe zingabwezeretsedwenso ndi osiyana siyana ngati madera kapena mabizinesi achinsinsi akhazikitsa mapulogalamu ndi zipangizo zomwe asankha kulandira. Malo ena amagwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki ena okha, ena amagwiritsa ntchito makatoni abulauni okha, ndipo madera ena saperekanso ntchito zobwezeretseranso konse.
Kusiyana pakati pa ntchito zobwezeretsanso zinthu ku Emmett County ndi kwina kulikonse ku Michigan ndi nthawi yayitali komanso ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso zinthu komanso ubale wa nthawi yayitali ndi mabizinesi omwe amagwiritsanso ntchito zipangizo. Utoto wa latex, matiresi ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mababu amagetsi apezanso ntchito zatsopano, akuluakulu aboma adatero.
“Anthu omwe ankayendetsa Emmett County panthawiyo anali ndi chidwi chachikulu chofuna kulimbikitsa kubwezeretsanso zinthu,” anatero Andy Torzdorf, mkulu wa pulogalamuyo. “Anayika kubwezeretsanso zinthu mu dongosolo lawo loyang'anira zinyalala zolimba, kotero kuyambira pachiyambi, Emmett County inali ndi cholinga chobwezeretsanso zinthu.”
Malo osungira zinyalala ku Harbour Springs ndi malo otumizira zinyalala, omwe zinyalala zimatumizidwa ku malo otayira zinyalala omwe adagwirizana, komanso malo obwezeretsanso zinyalala okhala ndi mitsinje iwiri. Lamulo la boma limafuna kuti zinyalala zonse zapakhomo zidutse pamalowo ndipo kuti onse onyamula zinyalala azilipira ndalama zomwezo zotayira zinyalala.
"Anthu okhala m'deralo amatha kubwezeretsanso zinthu kwaulere. Zinyalala sizili choncho, kotero mwachibadwa pali chilimbikitso chobwezeretsanso zinthu. Choncho zimenezo zimapatsa anthu okhala m'deralo chifukwa chobwezeretsanso zinthu - kugula kubwezeretsanso zinthu," anatero Torzdorf.
Ziwerengero zikusonyeza kuti mu 2020, malowa adakonza matani 13,378 a zinthu zobwezerezedwanso, zomwe zidapakidwa ndikuyikidwa m'magalimoto ang'onoang'ono, kenako zidatumizidwa ndikugulitsidwa ku mabizinesi osiyanasiyana kuti agwiritse ntchito zinthuzo. Zipangizozi zidapitilira kukhala zitini zotsukira zovala, mathireyi a zomera, mabotolo a madzi, mabokosi a chimanga, komanso mapepala a chimbudzi, pakati pa zinthu zina zatsopano.
Makampani ambiri omwe amagula zinthu zobwezerezedwanso ku Emmet County ali ku Michigan kapena madera ena a Great Lakes.
Aluminiyamu imapita ku malo operekera zinyalala a Gaylord; pulasitiki nambala 1 ndi 2 imatumizidwa ku kampani ku Dundee kuti ipange ma pellets apulasitiki, omwe pambuyo pake amasanduka sopo ndi mabotolo amadzi; makatoni ndi bolodi la ziwiya zimatumizidwa ku kampani ku Upper Peninsula Kraft mills ndi kampani yopanga ma phukusi a chakudya ku Kalamazoo, pakati pa ena; makatoni ndi makapu amatumizidwa kwa wopanga minofu ku Cheboygan; mafuta a injini amakonzedwanso ku Saginaw; galasi limatumizidwa ku kampani ku Chicago kuti lipange mabotolo, zotetezera kutentha ndi zotsukira; zamagetsi zimatumizidwa ku malo ochotsera zinthu ku Wisconsin; ndi malo ena ambiri opangira zinthu zina.
Okonza polojekitiyi adapeza malo ku Virginia komwe angagule matumba apulasitiki odzaza ndi mapepala a filimu—zipangizo zomwe zimavuta kuzisamalira chifukwa zimatha kusokonekera mu zosakaniza. Matumba apulasitiki amapangidwa kukhala matabwa ophatikizika kuti azikongoletsa.
Amaonetsetsa kuti chilichonse chomwe Emmet County Recycling imavomereza "chikubwezeretsedwanso ntchito komanso kubwezeretsedwanso ntchito," adatero Tolzdorf. Savomereza chilichonse chomwe chilibe msika wolimba, zomwe adati sizikutanthauza kuti Styrofoam siili yovomerezeka.
"Zobwezerezedwanso zonse zimachokera kumsika wa zinthu, kotero zaka zina zimakhala zapamwamba ndipo zaka zina zimakhala zochepa. Mu 2020 tinapeza pafupifupi $500,000 pogulitsa zobwezerezedwanso ndipo mu 2021 tinapeza ndalama zoposa $100 miliyoni," adatero Tolzdorf.
"Zikusonyeza kuti msika udzakhala wosiyana kwambiri. Zinatsika kwambiri mu 2020; zinabwerera ku mtengo wapamwamba wa zaka zisanu mu 2021. Chifukwa chake sitingathe kuyika ndalama zathu zonse pa kugulitsa zinthu zobwezerezedwanso, Koma zikakhala zabwino, zimakhala zabwino ndipo zimatinyamula, ndipo nthawi zina sizili bwino, siteshoni yoyendera anthu iyenera kutinyamula ndi kutinyamula ndalama zathu."
Malo osungira zinyalala m'bomalo ankasamalira zinyalala zapakhomo zokwana ma cubic yards 125,000 mu 2020, zomwe zinapanga ndalama zokwana pafupifupi $2.8 miliyoni.
Kuwonjezeredwa kwa makina osinthira ma robotic mu 2020 kunawonjezera kugwira ntchito bwino ndi 60 peresenti ndipo kunawonjezera kugwira zinthu zobwezerezedwanso ndi 11 peresenti, Tolzdorf adatero. Izi zinapangitsa kuti nthawi zingapo zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pulogalamuyi zilembedwe ntchito ngati ntchito zanthawi zonse zokhala ndi maubwino m'boma.
Zaka zambiri za khama la mabungwe awiri omwe adachitika ndi maboma akale ndi apano kuti asinthe malamulo a zinyalala za ku Michigan zafika pachimake pa mapangano a malamulo omwe cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa kubwezeretsanso zinthu, kupanga manyowa ndi kugwiritsanso ntchito zinthu zina. Malamulowa adavomerezedwa ku Nyumba ya Malamulo m'chaka cha 2021 koma kuyambira pamenepo adayimitsidwa mu Senate popanda kukambirana kapena kumvetsera komiti.
Malipoti ambiri opangidwa ndi boma amafufuza nkhaniyi ndipo akuyerekeza kuti anthu aku Michigan amalipira ndalama zoposa $1 biliyoni pachaka kuti azisamalira zinyalala zawo. Pa zinyalala zapakhomo izi, zinthu zobwezerezedwanso zokwana $600 miliyoni zimathera m'malo otayira zinyalala chaka chilichonse.
Gawo la malamulo omwe akuyembekezeka likufuna kuti maboma asinthe mapulogalamu awo omwe alipo kale a zinyalala zolimba kuti agwirizane ndi mapulogalamu amakono oyang'anira zipangizo, kukhazikitsa miyezo yobwezeretsanso zinthu, ndikulimbikitsa mgwirizano wachigawo kuti akhazikitse malo obwezeretsanso zinthu ndi kupanga manyowa pamalopo. Boma lipereka ndalama zothandizira kukonzekera izi.
Maboma a Marquette ndi Emmett ndi zitsanzo zabwino za khama la madera popereka chithandizo, anatero Liz Browne, mkulu wa Dipatimenti Yoyang'anira Zinthu ku Dipatimenti ya Zachilengedwe ku Michigan, Great Lakes and Energy. Madera ena ku Michigan nawonso akhoza kupanga mapulogalamu amphamvu obwezeretsanso zinthu ndi kupanga manyowa omwe amapindulitsa chuma ndi chilengedwe, adatero.
"Kubwezeretsa chinthu pa ntchito sikuthandiza kwenikweni poyerekeza ndi kuyamba ndi zinthu zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kale. Tikadapambana popanga zinthu ku Michigan ndikukhala ndi msika ku Michigan, tikanachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu zathu pa kutumiza," anatero Brown.
Browne ndi O'Brien onse anati makampani ena aku Michigan sanathe kupeza chakudya chokwanira chobwezerezedwanso m'maboma. Ayenera kugula zinthuzi kuchokera kumayiko ena kapena ku Canada.
Karl Hatopp, manejala wazinthu zogulira ku TABB Packaging Solutions ku Dundee, adati kutenga zinthu zina zobwezerezedwanso kuchokera ku zinyalala za ku Michigan kudzapindulitsa mabizinesi omwe amadalira kugula zinthu zomwe adagula kale kuti apange. Emmett County, yomwe yakhala ikugulitsa mapulasitiki Nambala 1 ndi Nambala 2 kwa zaka 20, yayambanso kugula zinthu zopangira zinthu kuchokera ku malo obwezeretsanso zinthu ku Marquette ndi Ann Arbor, adatero.
Hartop anati mapulasitiki obwezerezedwanso amagawidwa kukhala utomoni wopangidwa ndi anthu omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito kale, kapena "pellet," womwe umagulitsidwa kwa opanga ku Westland ndi ena ku Ohio ndi Illinois, komwe amapangidwa kukhala zitini zotsukira zovala ndi mabotolo amadzi a Absopure.
“Tikagulitsa zinthu zambiri (kuchokera mkati) mwa Michigan, timakhala ndi moyo wabwino,” iye anatero. “Ngati tingagule zambiri ku Michigan, tingagule zochepa m’malo monga California kapena Texas kapena Winnipeg.”
Kampaniyo imagwira ntchito ndi mabizinesi ena a ku Dundee omwe achokera mumakampani obwezeretsanso zinthu. Imodzi ndi kampani yaukadaulo waukhondo, komwe Hartop akunena kuti wagwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri.
“Clean Tech inayamba ndi antchito anayi ndipo tsopano tili ndi antchito oposa 150. Chifukwa chake, ndi nkhani yopambana,” adatero. “Tikamagwiritsanso ntchito zinthu zambiri, timapanga ntchito zambiri ku Michigan, ndipo ntchito zimenezo zimakhalabe ku Michigan. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi ife, kuwonjezera ntchito zobwezeretsanso zinthu ndi chinthu chabwino.”
Chimodzi mwa zolinga za MI Healthy Climate Plan yomwe yangomalizidwa kumene ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zobwezeretsanso zinthu kufika pa 45 peresenti pofika chaka cha 2030 ndikuchepetsa kutayika kwa chakudya pakati. Njira izi ndi imodzi mwa njira zomwe dongosololi likufunira kuti Michigan ikwaniritse chuma chopanda mpweya woipa pofika chaka cha 2050.
Chidziwitso kwa owerenga: Ngati mutagula chinthu kudzera mu imodzi mwa maulalo athu ogwirizana, tingapeze komishoni.
Kulembetsa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito tsamba lino kumatanthauza kuvomereza Pangano Lathu la Ogwiritsa Ntchito, Ndondomeko Yachinsinsi ndi Chikalata cha Ma cookie ndi Ufulu Wanu Wachinsinsi ku California (Pangano la Ogwiritsa Ntchito lasinthidwa 1/1/21. Ndondomeko Yachinsinsi ndi Chikalata cha Ma cookie zasinthidwa 5/1/2021).
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Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-06-2022