Makatoni mabokosindi mafakitalezopangiratumabokosi, yogwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakuyikakatundu ndi zipangizo.Akatswiri amakampani sagwiritsa ntchito mawuwamakatoni chifukwa sikutanthauza chinthu chapadera.Mawuwamakatoniangatanthauze zinthu zosiyanasiyana zolemera ngati mapepala, kuphatikizakhadi katundu,corrugated fiberboardndimapepala.Makatoni mabokosizitha kukhala zosavutazobwezerezedwanso.
Mu bizinesi ndi mafakitale, opanga zinthu, opanga ziwiya,opanga ma phukusi,ndimabungwe oyezera, yesani kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunjiterminology.Palibe kugwiritsa ntchito kwathunthu komanso kofanana.Nthawi zambiri mawu oti "makatoni" amapewedwa chifukwa samatanthawuza chinthu china chilichonse.
Kugawanika kwakukulu kwa mapepala opangidwa ndi mapepalakuyikazida ndi:
Mapepalandi zinthu zoonda zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba, kusindikiza, kapena kuyikapo.Amapangidwa ndi kukanikiza palimodzi ulusi wonyowa, nthawi zambiri zamkati za cellulose zochokera kumitengo, nsanza, kapena udzu, ndikuziwumitsa kukhala mapepala osinthika.
Papepala, nthawi zina amatchedwamakatoni, nthawi zambiri imakhala yokhuthala (nthawi zambiri yopitilira 0.25 mm kapena 10 point) kuposa pepala.Malinga ndi miyezo ya ISO, pepala la pepala ndi pepala lokhala ndi kulemera kwa maziko (galamala) pamwamba pa 224 g/m2, koma pali kuchotserapo.Mapepala amatha kukhala amodzi kapena angapo.
Corrugated fiberboard nthawi zina amatchedwabolodi lamalataor makatoni a malata, ndi pepala lopangidwa ndi mapepala opangidwa ndi sing'anga yamalata ndi matabwa amodzi kapena awiri.Chitoliro chimaperekamabokosi a malatazambiri zamphamvu zawo ndipo ndizomwe zimathandizira chifukwa chomwe malata a fiberboard amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ndi kusunga.
Palinso mayina angapo a zotengera:
Achotengera chotumizirazopangidwa ndicorrugated fiberboardnthawi zina amatchedwa "katoni", "katoni", kapena "mlandu".Pali zambiri zomwe mungasankhekamangidwe kabokosi ka malata.
Kupindakatonizopangidwa ndimapepalanthawi zina amatchedwa "makatoni“.
Kupangabokosiimapangidwa ndi kalasi yosapindika yamapepalandipo nthawi zina amatchedwa "makatoni“.
Mabokosi akumwazopangidwa ndimapepalalaminates, nthawi zina amatchedwa "makatoni","makatoni", kapena"mabokosi“.
Mbiri
Bokosi loyamba la malonda (osati corrugated) nthawi zina limatchedwa kampani ya M. Treverton & Son ku England mu 1817.Kupaka bokosi la cardboard kunapangidwa chaka chomwecho ku Germany.
Wobadwira waku ScottishRobert Gairanatulukira pre-cutmakatonikapenamapepalabokosimu 1890 - zidutswa zathyathyathya zopangidwa mochulukira zomwe zidakulungidwamabokosi.Kupanga kwa Gair kunachitika chifukwa cha ngozi: iye anali wosindikiza mabuku ku Brooklyn ndi kupanga zikwama zamapepala m’zaka za m’ma 1870, ndipo tsiku lina, akusindikiza oda ya matumba ambewu, chowongolera chachitsulo chomwe kaŵirikaŵiri chinkagwiritsiridwa ntchito kugwetsa matumba osunthika. ndi kuwadula iwo.Gair adapeza kuti mwa kudula ndi kupanga opareshoni imodzi amatha kupanga zopangiratumapepala a mapepala.Kugwiritsa ntchito lingaliro ilibokosi lamalatachinali chitukuko chowongoka pamene zinthuzo zidapezeka chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri.
Makatoni mabokosizidapangidwa muFrancepafupifupi 1840 zonyamulaBombyx morinjenjete ndi mazira akesilikaopanga, ndipo kwa zaka zoposa zana kupangamakatonianali bizinesi yayikulu muValréasdera.
Kubwera kwa opepukachimanga chophwanyikakuchuluka kugwiritsa ntchitomakatoni.Yoyamba kugwiritsa ntchitomakatonimonga phala makatoni analiKampani ya Kellogg.
Mapepala a malata (omwe amatchedwanso kuti pleated) analizovomerezekaku England mu 1856, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mzere wautalizipewa,komabokosi la malatasichinali chovomerezeka ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati katundu wotumizira mpaka 20 December 1871. Patent inaperekedwa kwa Albert Jones wa.New York Cityya mbali imodzi (ya nkhope imodzi)bolodi lamalata.Jones adagwiritsa ntchitobolodi lamalataza kuzimata mabotolo ndi magalasi nyali chimneys.Makina oyamba opangira zochulukira zabolodi lamalatainamangidwa mu 1874 ndi G. Smyth, ndipo m’chaka chomwecho Oliver Long anasintha mamangidwe a Jones potulukira malata okhala ndi mapepala a liner mbali zonse ziwiri.makatoni a malatamonga tikudziwira lero.
Yoyamba yamalatamakatoniopangidwa ku US anali mu 1895. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, mabokosi amatabwa ndimabokosianali kusinthidwa ndipepala lamalataManyamulidwemakatoni.
Pofika 1908, mawu akuti "pepala la malata” ndi “makatoni a malata” zonse zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito pa malonda a mapepala
Zaluso ndi zosangalatsa
Makatonindi zinthu zina zokhala ndi mapepala (mapepala, corrugated fiberboard, etc.) akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wapambuyo-primary monga zinthu zotsika mtengo pomanga ntchito zosiyanasiyana, pakati pawo kukhalakuyesa kwa sayansi, za anazidole,zovala, kapena insulative lining.Ana ena amakonda kusewera mkatimabokosi.
A wambakufotokozandiye kuti, ngati aperekedwa ndi chatsopano chachikulu komanso chokwera mtengochidole, mwana amatopa msanga ndi chidolecho n’kumaseŵera ndi bokosilo.Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri izi zimanenedwa mwanthabwala, ana amasangalala kusewera ndi mabokosi, pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro awo kuwonetsera bokosilo ngati zinthu zopanda malire.Chitsanzo chimodzi cha izi m'chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino ndikuchokera pazithunzi zazithunziCalvin ndi Hobbes, yemwe Calvin, yemwe anali wodziwika bwino, nthawi zambiri ankaganiza amakatonimonga "transmogrifier", "duplicator", kapena amakina a nthawi.
Chofala kwambiri ndi mbiri ya makatoni ngati sewero kuti mu 2005 amakatoniadawonjezedwa kuNational Toy Hall of Fameku US, chimodzi mwa zoseweretsa zochepa zomwe sizikhala ndi mtundu wake zomwe ziyenera kulemekezedwa ndikuphatikizidwa.Zotsatira zake, chidole "nyumba" (kwenikweni akanyumba ka log) zopangidwa kuchokera ku zazikulumakatonianawonjezedwa ku Nyumba ya Ufumuyo, yomwe inamangidwaStrong National Museum of PlaymuRochester, New York.
TheZida za Metalmndandanda wachobisika masewera akanemaali ndi gudumu lothamanga lomwe limaphatikizapo amakatoningati chinthu chamasewera, chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi wosewera kuti ayese kuzembera malo osagwidwa ndi alonda a adani.
Nyumba ndi mipando
Kukhala mu amakatonindistereotypicallyzogwirizana ndikusowa pokhala.Komabe, mu 2005,MelbourneKatswiri wa zomangamanga a Peter Ryan adapanga nyumba yokhala ndi makatoni ambiri. Zofala kwambiri ndi mipando yaing'ono kapena matebulo ang'onoang'ono opangidwa kuchokera.makatoni a malata.Mawonekedwe azinthu zopangidwa ndimakatoninthawi zambiri amapezeka m'masitolo odzipangira okha.
Kugwedeza ndi kuphwanya
Misa ndi kukhuthala kwa mpweya wotsekedwa zimathandiza pamodzi ndi kuuma kochepa kwa mabokosi kuti atenge mphamvu za zinthu zomwe zikubwera.Mu 2012, Britishstuntman Gary Conneryanatera bwino kudzerawingsuitpopanda kuyika parachuti yake, kutera pa mtunda wa 3.6-mita (12 ft) wosweka kwambiri "runway" (malo otsetsereka) omangidwa ndi masauzande amakatoni.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-22-2023