Mbiri ya Bokosi la Makatoni ndi Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito

Mabokosi a makatonindi mafakitaleyokonzedweratumabokosi, makamaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakulongedzakatundu ndi zipangizo. Akatswiri m'mafakitale nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawuwakatoni chifukwa sichikutanthauza chinthu china chake. Mawuwakatonizingatanthauze zinthu zosiyanasiyana zolemera ngati pepala, kuphatikizapokatundu wa khadi,bolodi la fiberboard lopangidwa ndi corrugatedndibolodi la mapepala.Mabokosi a makatonizitha kukhala mosavutazobwezerezedwanso.

Mu bizinesi ndi mafakitale, opanga zinthu, opanga ziwiya,mainjiniya opakandimabungwe oyendetsera miyezoYesani kugwiritsa ntchito njira zinazakemawu ofotokozeraPalibe kugwiritsidwa ntchito konse komanso kofanana. Nthawi zambiri mawu oti "khadibodi" amapewedwa chifukwa satanthauza chinthu chilichonse.

Magawo akuluakulu a mapepalakulongedzazipangizo ndi izi:

PepalaNdi nsalu yopyapyala yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka polembera, kusindikiza, kapena kulongedza. Imapangidwa pokanikiza pamodzi ulusi wonyowa, makamaka wa cellulose wopangidwa kuchokera ku matabwa, nsanza, kapena udzu, ndikuumitsa kukhala mapepala osinthasintha.

Bolodi la mapepala, nthawi zina amadziwika kutikatoni, nthawi zambiri imakhala yokhuthala (nthawi zambiri yoposa 0.25 mm kapena mfundo 10) kuposa pepala. Malinga ndi miyezo ya ISO, bolodi la mapepala ndi pepala lolemera kwambiri (grammage) kuposa 224 g/m2, koma pali zosiyana. Bodi la mapepala likhoza kukhala limodzi kapena angapo.

Bolodi ya fiberboard yopangidwa ndi pulasitiki nthawi zina amadziwika kutibolodi lopangidwa ndi zingweor katoni yozungulira, ndi nsalu yopangidwa ndi pepala yopangidwa ndi chitsulo chopindika ndi bolodi limodzi kapena awiri athyathyathya. Chitolirocho chimaperekamabokosi opangidwa ndi zingwemphamvu zawo zambiri ndipo ndi chifukwa chomwe chimathandizira kuti corrugated fiberboard igwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri potumiza ndi kusungira.

Palinso mayina angapo a zotengera:

Achidebe chotumizirazopangidwa ndibolodi la fiberboard lopangidwa ndi corrugatednthawi zina amatchedwa "bokosi la makatoni", "katoni", kapena "chikwama". Pali njira zambiri zochitira izikapangidwe ka bokosi lopangidwa ndi corrugated.

Kupindikakatonizopangidwa ndibolodi la mapepalanthawi zina amatchedwa “bokosi la makatoni“.

Kukhazikitsabokosiimapangidwa ndi kalasi yosapindika yabolodi la mapepalandipo nthawi zina amatchedwa “bokosi la makatoni“.

Mabokosi a zakumwazopangidwa ndibolodi la mapepalaMa laminate, nthawi zina amatchedwa "mabokosi a makatoni","makatoni", kapena"mabokosi“.

Mbiri

Bokosi loyamba la mapepala (osati lopangidwa ndi zingwe) nthawi zina limaperekedwa kwa kampani ya M. Treverton & Son ku England mu 1817. Mabokosi a makatoni anapangidwa chaka chomwecho ku Germany.

Wobadwira ku ScotlandRobert Gairadapanga chodulidwa chisanachitikekatonikapenabolodi la mapepalabokosimu 1890 - zidutswa zosalala zopangidwa mochuluka zomwe zimapindidwa kukhalamabokosiGair anatulukira chifukwa cha ngozi: anali wosindikiza mabuku ku Brooklyn komanso wopanga matumba a mapepala m'zaka za m'ma 1870, ndipo tsiku lina, pamene anali kusindikiza oda ya matumba a mbewu, rula yachitsulo nthawi zambiri inkagwiritsa ntchito kupotoza matumba n'kuwadula. Gair anapeza kuti podula ndi kupotoza kamodzi kokha, amatha kupanga zinthu zokonzedwa kale.mabokosi a mapepalaKugwiritsa ntchito lingaliro ili pabolodi la bokosi lopangidwa ndi zingwechinali chitukuko chosavuta pamene nkhaniyi inayamba kupezeka chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900.

Mabokosi a makatonizinapangidwa muFrancecha m'ma 1840 ponyamulaBombyx morinjenjete ndi mazira ake ndisilikaopanga, ndipo kwa zaka zoposa zana kupangamabokosi a makatoniinali bizinesi yayikulu muValréasdera.

Kubwera kwa zopepukachimanga chophwanyikakuonjezera kugwiritsa ntchitomabokosi a makatoniYoyamba kugwiritsa ntchitomabokosi a makatonimonga makatoni a chimanga analiKampani ya Kellogg.

Pepala lokhala ndi corrugated (lomwe limatchedwanso pleated) linaliwokhala ndi patentiku England mu 1856, ndipo idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira chamtalizipewakomabolodi la bokosi lozungulirasinali ndi patent ndipo idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zotumizira mpaka pa 20 Disembala 1871. Patent iyi idaperekedwa kwa Albert Jones waMzinda wa New Yorkya mbali imodzi (nkhope imodzi)bolodi lopangidwa ndi zingweJones anagwiritsa ntchitobolodi lopangidwa ndi zingweMakina oyamba opangira mabotolo okulungira ndi ma chimney agalasi.bolodi lopangidwa ndi zingweinamangidwa mu 1874 ndi G. Smyth, ndipo m'chaka chomwecho Oliver Long anasintha kapangidwe ka Jones mwa kupanga bolodi lopangidwa ndi ma corrugated sheet mbali zonse ziwiri. Izi zinalikatoni yozunguliramonga momwe tikudziwira lero.

Choyamba chopangidwa ndi corrugatedbokosi la makatoniku US kunali mu 1895. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, mabokosi amatabwa ndimabokosianali kulowedwa m'malo ndipepala lozunguliraManyamulidwemakatoni.

Pofika mu 1908, mawu akuti “bolodi la pepala lopangidwa ndi corrugated"ndi"katoni yozungulira"Zonsezi zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito pa malonda a mapepala

Zaluso ndi zosangalatsa

Khadibodindi zinthu zina zopangidwa ndi mapepala (bolodi la mapepala, bolodi la fiberboard lopangidwa ndi corrugated, ndi zina zotero) zimatha kukhala ndi moyo wokhazikika pambuyo pa pulayimale ngati zinthu zotsika mtengo zomangira mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana, pakati pawokuyesa kwa sayansi, za anazoseweretsa,zovala, kapena chotetezera kutentha. Ana ena amasangalala kusewera mkatimabokosi.

Chofalamawu achikalendi kuti, ngati aperekedwa ndi latsopano lalikulu komanso lokwera mtengochidole, mwana amangotopa ndi chidolecho ndipo m'malo mwake amaseweretsa ndi bokosilo. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri izi zimanenedwa moseka pang'ono, ana amasangalala kusewera ndi mabokosi, pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro awo kuwonetsa bokosilo ngati zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopanda malire. Chitsanzo chimodzi cha izi mu chikhalidwe chotchuka ndi cha m'mabuku azithunzithunziCalvin ndi Hobbes, amene munthu amene akumutsogolera, Calvin, nthawi zambiri ankaganiza zabokosi la makatonimonga "transmogrifier", "duplicator", kapenamakina a nthawi.

Mbiri ya bokosi la makatoni ndi yoseweretsa yofala kwambiri moti mu 2005 abokosi la makatoniidawonjezedwa kuNyumba Yotchuka ya Zidole Zadziko Lonseku US, chimodzi mwa zoseweretsa zochepa kwambiri zomwe sizili za mtundu wake zomwe ziyenera kulemekezedwa ndi kuphatikizidwa. Chifukwa chake, "nyumba" ya zoseweretsa (kwenikweni ndinyumba yamatabwa) yopangidwa kuchokera ku chikwama chachikulubokosi la makatoniidawonjezedwa ku Hall, yomwe ili kuNyumba Yosungiramo Zinthu Zapamwamba Zapadziko LonsemuRochester, New York.

TheZida Zachitsulomndandanda wachobisika masewera akanemaali ndi vuto lothamanga lomwe limakhudzabokosi la makatoningati chinthu chomwe chili mkati mwa masewerawa, chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi wosewerayo kuyesa kudutsa m'malo osagwidwa ndi alonda a adani.

Nyumba ndi mipando

Kukhala mubokosi la makatonindimwachizolowezizogwirizana ndikusowa pokhalaKomabe, mu 2005,MelbournePeter Ryan, katswiri wa zomangamanga, adapanga nyumba yokhala ndi makatoni ambiri. Zofala kwambiri ndi mipando yaying'ono kapena matebulo ang'onoang'ono opangidwa kuchokera kukatoni yozunguliraZowonetsera katundu zopangidwa ndikatoninthawi zambiri amapezeka m'masitolo odzichitira okha zinthu.

Kupondaponda ndi kuphwanya

Kulemera ndi kukhuthala kwa mpweya wotsekedwa kumathandiza pamodzi ndi kuuma kochepa kwa mabokosi kuti atenge mphamvu ya zinthu zomwe zikubwera. Mu 2012, Britishmunthu wochita zachiwerewere Gary Conneryidafika bwino kudzerasuti ya mapikopopanda kugwiritsa ntchito parachuti yake, anatera pa "njira yokwerera" ya mamita 3.6 (12 ft) yayitali yophwanyika (malo otera) yomangidwa ndi zikwi za anthumabokosi a makatoni.