Woyendetsa galimoto wa Amazon Flex Arielle McCain, wazaka 24, akupereka phukusi pa Disembala 18, 2018, ku Cambridge, Massachusetts. Akatswiri oteteza zachilengedwe ndi zinyalala akuti matumba atsopano apulasitiki a Amazon, omwe sangabwezeretsedwenso m'mabokosi obwezeretsanso zinthu m'mbali mwa msewu, akukhudza kwambiri. (Pat Greenhouse/The Boston Globe)
Chaka chathachi, Amazon yachepetsa katundu wolongedzedwa m'mabokosi a makatoni m'malo mwa makalata opepuka apulasitiki, zomwe zalola kampani yayikulu yogulitsa zinthu kuti iwonjezere mapaketi ambiri m'magalimoto onyamula katundu ndi ndege.
Koma olimbikitsa zachilengedwe komanso akatswiri owononga zinyalala akuti mitundu yatsopano ya matumba apulasitiki omwe sangabwezeretsedwenso m'mabokosi obwezeretsanso zinthu m'mbali mwa msewu ali ndi zotsatirapo zoipa.
"Ma CD a Amazon ali ndi mavuto ofanana ndi matumba apulasitiki, omwe sangasankhidwe mu makina athu obwezeretsanso zinthu ndikusungidwa mumakina," adatero Lisa Se, woyang'anira pulogalamu ku King County Solid Waste Division, yomwe imayang'anira kubwezeretsanso zinthu ku King County, Washington. Lisa Sepanski anati.., komwe kuli likulu la Amazon. "Zimatenga ntchito kuti zichotsedwe. Ayenera kuyimitsa makinawo."
Nyengo ya tchuthi yaposachedwa yakhala yotanganidwa kwambiri pa malonda apaintaneti, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kutumiza katundu wambiri - zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapaketi azitayika kwambiri. Monga nsanja yomwe ili kumbuyo kwa theka la malonda onse apaintaneti mu 2018, Amazon ndiye kampani yayikulu kwambiri yonyamula zinyalala komanso yopanga zinyalala, komanso yoyambitsa mafashoni, malinga ndi eMarketer, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kusamukira kwake ku makalata apulasitiki kungasonyeze kusintha kwa makampani onse. Ogulitsa ena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makalata apulasitiki ofanana ndi awa ndi Target, yomwe inakana kupereka ndemanga.
Vuto ndi makalata apulasitiki ndi awiri: amafunika kubwezeretsedwanso payekhapayekha, ndipo ngati apezeka pa nthawi zonse, akhoza kusokoneza njira yobwezeretsanso zinthu ndikuletsa kuti zinthu zambiri zisagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Olimbikitsa zachilengedwe akuti Amazon, kampani yayikulu m'makampani, iyenera kuchita bwino polimbikitsa ogula kuti abwezerenso makalata apulasitiki, powapatsa maphunziro ambiri ndi malo ena ochitira izi.
"Takhala tikugwira ntchito molimbika kuti tikonze njira zathu zopakira ndi kubwezeretsanso zinthu ndipo tachepetsa zinyalala zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi zoposa 20 peresenti mu 2018," adatero wolankhulira Amazon, Melanie Janin, ndikuwonjezera kuti Amazon imapereka chidziwitso chobwezeretsanso zinthu patsamba lake. (Mkulu wa Amazon, Jeff Bezos, ndiye mwini wa The Washington Post.)
Akatswiri ena otaya zinyalala amati cholinga cha Amazon chochepetsa makatoni akuluakulu ndi njira yoyenera. Makalata apulasitiki ali ndi ubwino wina pa chilengedwe. Poyerekeza ndi mabokosi, amatenga malo ochepa m'mabokosi ndi magalimoto akuluakulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutumiza kuyende bwino. Kupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kutaya filimu ya pulasitiki kumatulutsa mpweya wochepa wowononga kutentha ndipo kumadya mafuta ochepa kuposa makatoni obwezerezedwanso, anatero David Allawi, katswiri wamkulu wa ndondomeko za pulogalamu yoyang'anira zipangizo ku Dipatimenti Yoona za Ubwino wa Zachilengedwe ku Oregon.
Pulasitiki ndi yotsika mtengo komanso yolimba kwambiri moti makampani ambiri amaigwiritsa ntchito poika zinthu. Koma ogula amakonda kuyika matumba apulasitiki m'chidebe chobwezeretsanso zinthu. Akatswiri amati makalata apulasitiki amapewa chidwi cha makina osankhika ndi kulowa m'mabale a mapepala omwe amaikidwa kuti abwezeretsedwe, zomwe zimaipitsa phukusi lonselo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchepetsa kutumiza kwa makatoni ambiri kukhale kovuta kwambiri. Mapepala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogula mitengo yokwera pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo akhala akupanga phindu kwa nthawi yayitali mumakampani obwezeretsanso zinthu. Koma mabale ndi ovuta kugulitsa—ambiri amatumizidwa kuti akabwezeretsedwe chifukwa cha malamulo okhwima ku China—kotero kuti makampani ambiri obwezeretsanso zinthu ku West Coast amafunika kuwataya. (Kuyika zinthu m'mabale ndi njira imodzi yokha yoipitsa pulasitiki kuchokera ku matumba a mapepala kuti akabwezeretsedwenso.)
"Pamene ma CD akukhala ovuta komanso opepuka, tiyenera kukonza zinthu zambiri pang'onopang'ono kuti tipeze phindu lomwelo. Kodi phindu ndi lokwanira? Yankho lero ndi ayi," adatero Pete Keller, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa kubwezeretsanso zinthu ku Republic Services. , kampaniyo ndi imodzi mwa makampani akuluakulu onyamula zinyalala ku United States. "Kuchita nawo tsiku ndi tsiku kumakhala kovuta kugwira ntchito ndi kukonza, ndipo kwenikweni kumawononga ndalama zambiri."
Kwa zaka 10 zapitazi, Amazon yachepetsa kulongedza kosafunikira, kulongedza zinthu m'mabokosi awo oyambirira nthawi iliyonse yomwe zingatheke, kapena m'mabokosi opepuka kwambiri momwe zingathere. Janin wa ku Amazon adati kampaniyo idasinthira ku makina olembera makalata apulasitiki opepuka chaka chatha ngati gawo la khama lalikulu lochepetsera kutaya kwa ma paketi ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Janin akulemba kuti Amazon "pakali pano ikukulitsa mphamvu ya makalata obwezerezedwanso omwe angathe kubwezerezedwanso mumtsinje wobwezeretsanso mapepala."
Limodzi mwa makampani ochepa a Fortune 500 omwe sapereka lipoti la udindo wa anthu kapena kukhazikika kwa kampani, kampani yomwe ili ku Seattle ikunena kuti pulogalamu yake yopangira "yopanda kukhumudwa" yachepetsa kutaya kwa ma phukusi ndi 16 peresenti ndikuchotsa kufunikira kwa kufunikira kwa mabokosi otumizira opitilira 305 miliyoni.2017.
“M’malingaliro mwanga, kusintha kwawo kukhala ma paketi osinthasintha kumayendetsedwa ndi mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito, komanso chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mpweya wabwino,” anatero Nina Goodrich, mkulu wa Sustainable Packaging Alliance. Amayang’anira chizindikiro cha How2Recycle, chomwe chinayamba kuwonekera pa makalata apulasitiki a Amazon mu Disembala 2017, ngati sitepe yopita ku maphunziro a ogula.
Vuto lina ndi makalata atsopano odzazidwa ndi pulasitiki ndilakuti Amazon ndi ogulitsa ena amaika zilembo zamaadiresi a mapepala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisagwiritsidwenso ntchito, ngakhale m'masitolo osiya katundu. Zolemba ziyenera kuchotsedwa kuti mapepala ndi pulasitiki zilekanitsidwe kuti zinthuzo zibwezeretsedwenso.
“Makampani amatha kutenga zipangizo zabwino n’kuzipanga kuti zisagwiritsidwenso ntchito potengera zilembo, zomatira kapena inki,” anatero Goodrich.
Pakadali pano, makalata a Amazon odzazidwa ndi pulasitiki awa akhoza kubwezeretsedwanso akangochotsa chizindikirocho ndikupita nawo kumalo osiyira katundu kunja kwa unyolo wina. Pambuyo poyeretsa, kuumitsa ndi kupopera, pulasitikiyo imatha kusungunuka ndikupangidwa kukhala matabwa ophatikizika kuti apange madenga. Mizinda yomwe imaletsa matumba apulasitiki, monga mzinda wa Seattle ku Amazon, ili ndi malo ochepa osiyira katundu.
Malinga ndi lipoti la 2017 Closed-Loop Report on Recycling in the US, 4 peresenti yokha ya filimu ya pulasitiki yomwe imasungidwa m'mabanja aku US imabwezeretsedwanso kudzera mu mapulogalamu osonkhanitsira m'masitolo ogulitsa zakudya ndi m'masitolo akuluakulu. Ena 96% amasanduka zinyalala, ngakhale zitatayidwa mu recycling m'mbali mwa msewu, zimathera m'malo otayira zinyalala.
Mayiko ena amafuna kuti makampani azitenga udindo waukulu pazachuma ndi kasamalidwe ka zinthu zawo ogula akazigwiritsa ntchito. Mu machitidwe awa, makampani amalipidwa kutengera kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomwe zinthu zawo zimataya komanso chifukwa cha mapaketi awo.
Pofuna kutsatira malamulo ake, Amazon imalipira ndalamazi m'maiko ena kunja kwa United States. Amazon ili kale pansi pa machitidwe otere ku Canada, malinga ndi bungwe lopanda phindu la Canadian Managed Services Alliance, lomwe limathandizira mapulogalamu m'maboma.
Mu malamulo ambiri okonzanso zinthu ku US, malamulo oterewa sanavomerezedwe ndi boma la federal, kupatulapo zinthu zinazake zoopsa komanso zamtengo wapatali monga zamagetsi ndi mabatire.
Akatswiri adati malo osungira zinthu omwe Amazon imasungira ogula kuti abwezere zinthu zawo amatha kulandira ma phukusi ogwiritsidwa ntchito kale, ndikuwonjezera kuti Amazon ikhoza kudzipereka kubwezeretsanso pulasitikiyo kuti idzagwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo m'makalata ake otumizira.
"Akhoza kugawa zinthuzo m'njira yosiyana, kubweretsa zinthuzo m'dongosolo lawo logawa. Malo osonkhanitsira zinthuzi akukhala ofunikira kwambiri kuti zinthu zikhale zosavuta kwa ogula," anatero Scott Cassell, mkulu wa bungwe la Institute for Product Management, lomwe linachita kafukufukuyu. Kampaniyo imayang'ana kwambiri kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zomwe ogula amawononga pa chilengedwe. "Koma zidzawawonongera ndalama."
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-29-2022