Nanga bwanji thumba la pepala la kraft m'zaka za zana la 19?

Nanga bwanji thumba la pepala la kraft m'zaka za zana la 19?

Kalelo m’zaka za m’ma 1800, malonda aakulu asanabwere, kunali kofala kuti anthu azigula zinthu zawo zatsiku ndi tsiku m’sitolo yapafupi ndi kumene amagwira ntchito kapena kukhala.Zimapweteka mutu kugulitsa katundu watsiku ndi tsiku kwa ogula pambuyo potumizidwa zambiri ku masitolo ogulitsa m'migolo, matumba a nsalu kapena mabokosi amatabwa.Anthu ankangopita kokagula zinthu ndi mabasiketi kapena matumba ansalu.Panthawiyo, zopangira mapepala zinali zidakali za jute fiber ndi mutu wakale wa bafuta, zomwe zinali zamtengo wapatali komanso zosowa, ndipo sizikanatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za kusindikiza nyuzipepala.Cha m'ma 1844, Friedrich Kohler waku Germany adapanga njira yopangira mapepala, yomwe idalimbikitsa kwambiri kutukuka kwamakampani opanga mapepala ndipo mosadziwika bwino idabala malonda oyamba.kraft pepala thumbam'mbiri.

Mu 1852, Francis Waller, katswiri wa zomera wa ku America, anatulukira yoyambakraft pepala thumbamakina opangira, omwe adakwezedwa ku France, Britain ndi mayiko ena aku Europe.Kenako, kubadwa kwa plywoodmapepala a kraftndi kupita patsogolo kwakraft pepala thumbaukadaulo wosoka udapangitsa kuti matumba a thonje omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula katundu wambiri alowe m'malomapepala a kraft.

Zikafika koyambathumba la pepala la brown kraftpogula, idabadwa mu 1908 ku St. Paul, Minnesota.Walter Duverna, mwini sitolo yogulitsira golosale, adayamba kufunafuna njira zopezera makasitomala kugula zinthu zambiri nthawi imodzi kuti akweze malonda.Duverna ankaganiza kuti chikanakhala chikwama chopangidwa kale chomwe chinali chotchipa komanso chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo chingathe kunyamula mapaundi 75.Pambuyo mayesero mobwerezabwereza, iye adzakhala khalidwe la zinthu za thumba loko papepala la brown kraft, chifukwa AMAGWIRITSA NTCHITO yaitali conifer nkhuni CHIKWANGWANI zamkati, m'kati kuphika ndi umagwirira kwambiri zolimbitsa caustic koloko ndi alcali sulphide mankhwala processing, kupanga mphamvu ya chiwonongeko choyambirira nkhuni CHIKWANGWANI ndi yaing'ono, motero potsiriza anapanga pepala, kugwirizana kwambiri pakati CHIKWANGWANI. , pepala ndi lolimba, limatha kupirira kupsinjika kwakukulu ndi kupanikizika popanda kusweka.Patapita zaka zinayi, choyambathumba la pepala la brown kraftanapangidwira kugula.Ili ndi makona anayi pansi ndipo ili ndi voliyumu yokulirapo kuposa yachikhalidwe yooneka ngati Vkraft pepala thumba.Chingwe chimadutsa pansi ndi m'mbali mwa thumba kuti chiwonjezere mphamvu yake yonyamula katundu, ndipo ziwiri zosavuta kuzigwira zimakoka mawonekedwe pamwamba pa thumba.Duverna anatcha thumba loguliralo dzina lake ndipo analipereka patent yake mu 1915. Panthaŵiyi, matumba oposa miliyoni imodzi mwa ameneŵa anali kugulitsidwa chaka chilichonse.

Mawonekedwe a bulaunimapepala a kraftwasintha malingaliro achikhalidwe kuti kuchuluka kwa kugula kumatha kungokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zitha kunyamulidwa m'manja onse, komanso zimapangitsa ogula kuti asadandaulenso za kusanyamula, zomwe zimachepetsa chisangalalo chogula chokha.Kungakhale kukokomeza kunena kutithumba la pepala la brown kraftkulimbikitsa malonda onse, koma zidawululira mabizinesi kuti ndizosatheka kulosera zinthu zingati zomwe ogula angagule mpaka zogula zizikhala zomasuka, zomasuka komanso zosavuta momwe zingathere.Ndi mfundo iyi yomwe imapangitsa kuti omwe akubwera pambuyo pake aziyika zofunikira pazogula za ogula, komanso amalimbikitsa chitukuko cha mabasiketi akuluakulu ndi ngolo zogulira pambuyo pake.

Mu theka lotsatira, chitukuko cha bulaunipepala la kraft matumba ogulazitha kunenedwa kuti ndizosalala, kuwongolera kwazinthu kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu yake yonyamulira ipitirire patsogolo, mawonekedwe ake ayamba kukhala okongola kwambiri, opanga amasindikiza mitundu yonse yazizindikiro, mawonekedwe pamatumba a pepala ofiirira a kraft, m'masitolo ndi masitolo m'misewu. .Mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, kutuluka kwa matumba ogula pulasitiki kunakhala kusintha kwina kwakukulu mu mbiri ya chitukuko cha matumba ogula.Ndizochepa thupi, zamphamvu komanso zotsika mtengo kupanga zabwino monga thumba la pepala la brown kraft lomwe linali lodziwika kale.Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, matumba apulasitiki akhala chisankho choyamba pakudya tsiku ndi tsiku, pamene matumba a ng'ombe pang'onopang'ono "adabwerera ku mzere wachiwiri".

Pomaliza, zidazimiririkathumba la pepala la brown kraftangagwiritsidwe ntchito m'dzina la "nostalgia", "chirengedwe" ndi "chitetezo cha chilengedwe" kwa chiwerengero chochepa cha mankhwala osamalira khungu, zovala ndi mabuku, ma CD ndi mavidiyo opangira katundu.

Koma machitidwe odana ndi pulasitiki padziko lonse lapansi akutembenuza chidwi cha akatswiri azachilengedwe kubwerera ku zakalethumba la pepala la brown kraft.Kuyambira 2006, McDonald's China pang'onopang'ono anayambitsa insulatedthumba la pepala la brown kraftpazakudya zogulira m'malo ake onse, m'malo mwa matumba apulasitiki.Kusunthaku kwatsimikiziridwa ndi ogulitsa ena, monga Nike ndi Adidas, omwe kale anali ogula kwambiri matumba apulasitiki, ndipo akusintha matumba apulasitiki ndi mapepala apamwamba a bulauni.